Dennis Encarnation kindly suggested the title. Even though their generous suggestions were not always heeded, they made this a far better book than it could possibly have been otherwise. Smith, Ezra Vogel, Yakushiji Taizo, David Weinstein, and three anonymous reders for the University of California Press. Dore, Bernard Grofman, Inoguchi Takashi, Chalmers Johnson, Kinjo Kunio, Kito Makoto, Edward Lascher, Murakawa Ichiro, Masumi Junnosuke Nagayama Keiichi, Gregory Noble, Okajima Shigeyuki, T. Institutional and infrastructural support on two separate occasions was generously provided by the Institute of Oriental Culture at the University of Tokyo under the wise and good-natured sponsorship of Inoguchi Takashi.Īmong the people who provided key introductions, suggestions, and comments on drafts are John Creighton Campbell, Robert L. I made the final revisions to the manuscript in Japan during 1993–1994 while on a grant from the Abe Fellowship Program of the Social Science Research Council and the American Council of Learned Societies with funds provided by The Japan Foundation Center for Global Partnership. Various grants and fellowships from the University of California at Berkeley supported the completion of my dissertation, and a Faculty Research Grant form the University of California at Irvine and sundry forms of research support from Harvard University helped in the lenthy transition from dissertation to book. Financial support for a fruitful year of fieldwork in Tokyo during 1987–1988 was provided in the form of a Japan Foundation Dissertation Fellowship. I am also grateful to several institutions and many individuals, both in Japan and the United States. For instance, more than five years before the general contractors scandal was splattered across the front page of every newspaper in Japan, self-confessed bid-riggers treated me to candid and enlightening accounts of Ibaraki Governor Takeuchi's "voice of heaven" in steering public works contracts to specific contractors. Help me understand the rationale behind informal practices and behavior. Some of these individuals went to amazing lengths to Indeed, with assurances that my intention was to analyze objectively the political economy of Japanese public works, these supposedly shadowy characters proved enormously helpful and astonishingly forthright. To my pleasant surprise, I found these warnings unnecessary. Others warned me about dealings with the government bureaucrats and legislators who also animate the policymaking stage in this heretofore strictly "domestic" domain. They alerted me to the difficulties of handling the shadowy actors engaged in the complex and secretive process of rigging bids on public works projects. For their willingness to answer sometimes naive questions and to assist in other ways, however, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.Īt the time I undertook this study, sensible people warned me about the quagmire that lay ahead. Because of the highly sensitive, and sometimes sub rosa, nature of the subject matter, I cannot identify these individuals by name. I spoke with construction contractors, industry association officials, elected politicians and their aides, political party officials, government bureaucrats, newspaper reporters, and academics. Almost all of these interviews were conducted in Japanese, each lasting about an hour. In addition, I conducted over one hundred open-ended interviews, primarily in 1987–1988 and in 1993–1994. In Desolation of Mordor Torvin is seen still in possession of Gorvin's axe.In researching this book, I have drawn extensively on Japanese-language materials: newspaper reports, periodicals, industry association publications, and government documents.
The model of Gorvin's axe can on rare occasion spawn in as the weapon of a Nemesis.The first cutscene of the The Legendary White Graug mission shows Torvin reclaiming Gorvin's hunting axe, just before Talion retrieves Celebrimbor's pick, claiming that it is as sharp as the day their father made it.Torvin now seeks to avenge his brother's death by hunting and killing the Graug that killed his brother. During this fight Torvin was knocked unconscious and Gorvin was killed. He and his brother, Torvin, left their home in the Orocarni to hunt Middle-earth's greatest prey and ended up in the Sea of Núrnen, where they attempted to kill the Legendary Graug.
Gorving also appears as a character in the Middle-earth: Shadow of War mobile game. His voice appears in flashbacks picked up from artifacts found in the game. Middle-earth: Shadow of War Mobile Game Gorvin is a dwarf and a minor character who is mentioned in Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor. Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor (mentioned only)
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